Last updated: 29 September 2026 | Trusted by thousands worldwide.
Hadassah, Cognitive Test Developer at JobTestPrep
The Watson Glaser test, also known as the Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA), assesses candidates’ critical thinking and reasoning skills. It's a widely-used pre-employment test and a crucial requirement for candidates applying for a variety of roles, including legal training contracts and government legal services roles.
The Watson Glaser test is a 40-question, 30-minute psychometric test and it evaluates five key areas: Drawing conclusions, evaluating arguments, recognising assumptions, making deductions, and interpreting information.
Here, you can take a free timed Watson Glaser practice test or continue to read on to explore 15 sample questions with full answers, explanations, and expert tips for tackling each section effectively.
Each section below includes a sample question, tips, and full answers explaining the reasoning behind each correct answer, covering all 5 sections of the Watson Glaser Test.
JUMP TO A SECTION: 1. Inferences | 2. Assumptions | 3. Deduction | 4. Interpretation | 5. Arguments
To learn more about Watson Glaser, scoring, and which companies rely on it, visit our Watson Glaser test guide.
We'll begin our Watson Glaser practice test with the first section, Assessment of Inferences. An inference is a conclusion based on evidence.
Each exercise begins with a statement of facts you are to regard as true. Afterwards, you'll find several possible inferences or conclusions that can be drawn from the stated facts. Your job is to evaluate the truthfulness of the inference based on the text, using the following range:
You'll need to examine each inference separately and decide its degree of truth or falsity.
What does it assess? The ability to assess the probability that inferences are true based on the information provided.
The Inference section will present a statement and a series of inferences (conclusions).
Your task is to determine how true or false each inference is.
Read the text below and select the correct answer:
James is a human rights activist who was fined £60 on three different days during the past month for smoking in public at his workplace. On each occasion, he admitted to the act peacefully, telling policemen he was unwilling to conform to such a breach of people's right to privacy. James paid the three fines shortly after receiving them.
Statement: This year, James has spent several hundred pounds in his struggle to oppose violations of civil liberties.
Would you rate this as:
The correct answer is "Probably True".
You know that James had paid 180 pounds in the past month alone. You also know he is a human rights activist who's willing to spend money for his cause, based on his actions and testimony.
As such, even though it's not explicitly mentioned in the text, it's safe to assume that sometime in the year James had spent at least 20 more pounds on his activism, smoking-related or otherwise.
Questions one and two below are based on the following text:
Virtual employees, or employees who work from home via a computer, are an increasing trend. In the US, the number of virtual employees has increased by 39% in the last two years and 74% over the previous five years. Employing virtual workers reduces costs and makes it possible to use talented workers no matter where they're located globally. Yet, running a workplace with virtual employees might entail miscommunication and less camaraderie, and can be more time-consuming than face-to-face interaction.
Now, choose whether the questions below are true or false to varying degrees according to the text:
The marked advantage of virtual employee hiring is the ability to benefit from the output of unsociable employees without involving them in face-to-face interactions.
Wrong
Wrong
Wrong
Wrong
Correct!
The correct answer is: False
The words marked advantage insinuate that the ability to benefit from unsociable employees is the most significant advantage. However, that advantage is not even mentioned in the text. That means that the answer is either "False" or "Probably False".
The text specifically mentions the benefits of face-to-face meetings on social interaction: “... a workplace with virtual employees might entail miscommunication and less camaraderie and can be more time-consuming than face-to-face interaction”.
The conclusion, however, refers to the problems it creates, which is negated by the general message of the passage.
Hence, the correct answer is "False".
Today, a majority of the employees in the US are virtual employees.
Wrong
Wrong
Wrong
Correct!
Wrong
The correct answer is: Probably False
The passage describes an increasing trend of virtual employment hiring. Yet, it's not specified how prevalent this trend has become compared to the entire workforce. There's no confirmation or contradiction of the statement, so the first tendency may be to choose "Insufficient Data".
However, in this test section, you can use common sense to choose the right answer. By applying logic to the answer choices, you can surmise that many jobs cannot be done virtually and that despite the increasing popularity of this trend, it's unlikely that a majority of US employees are virtual.
Read the following text:
A new study proves that scores on cognitive ability tests, which include critical thinking tests, are strongly related to success in both civilian and military jobs and predict outcomes in all jobs. The added value of these tests, the authors conclude, is that they predict what an individual can do now and the extent to which an individual is likely to learn and develop.
Statement: Nowadays, occupational psychologists use cognitive ability tests more often than in the past.
Wrong
Wrong
Correct!
Wrong
Wrong
The correct answer is: Insufficient Data
The passage presents information about a new possible utility for cognitive ability tests in the occupational consultancy area. Yet, we lack information about the extent of past and present use of these psychometric tests. Hence, it's impossible to determine and even to assume whether the statement is correct or not.
Therefore, the correct answer is "Insufficient Data".
⭐️ Golden Tip: When evaluating inferences, the following will help:
This approach will help you accurately judge whether an inference meets the requirements for true, probably true, insufficient data, probably false, or false.
The “Probably True” and “Probably False” answer choices are unique to the Watson Glaser and are considered the main challenge of the Inference section. Grasping the distinction between common knowledge (permitted in the Inference section of the test) and other forms of knowledge (prohibited) is key to accurately answering the questions. Learn more about this tip in our Watson Glaser Inference guide.
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The next section is Recognition of Assumptions. An assumption is something presupposed or taken for granted.
In this section, you'll encounter a statement followed by a proposed assumption. Your task is to determine whether the statement implies the proposed assumption, treating it as true without needing to justify it. Keep in mind that these assumptions don’t have to be logical or accurate. The key is simply determining whether the assumption is present, not whether it's reasonable.
Most candidates consider the Recognition of Assumptions section the most challenging section of the Watson-Glaser test.
What does it assess? The ability to identify whether assumptions are needed to support a given statement.
The Assumptions section will present a statement followed by a proposed assumption.
Your task is to decide whether a person making the given statement is making the proposed assumption.
Read the text below and select the correct answer:
Complaints were raised against the town's sole French teacher for using her monopoly to charge more than her late predecessor. However, she does not earn more money on each lesson than she would have before, because she lives out of town and her fee reflects higher transportation costs than those of her predecessor, who lived in town.
Statement: Service providers who spend more on transportation are more expensive.
Would you rate this as:
The correct answer is "Assumption Not Made".
This is a generalisation of what happened in the town. The statement is a logical rule - it refers to all service providers in the world.
The author might think this is true, but he doesn't have to assume it in order for the passage to make sense. Therefore, it is not assumed.
Increasing the number of employees in the department will increase its business performance.
Proposed Assumption: It's possible to predict the impact of department size on business performance.
Correct!
Wrong
The correct answer is: Assumption Made
To see why the assumption is made, let’s use the Negative Test algorithm:
Therefore, "Assumption Made" is the correct answer.
In the event of a warmer planet due to global warming, we will need to develop a drought-resistant grass species.
Proposed Assumption: World climate is changing.
Wrong
Correct!
The correct answer is: Assumption Not Made
The actual assumption is that the future holds a possibility for climate change. It's not evident from the text that this already happening.
Remember, you should not make your decision based on whether you think the assumption is true but only on whether or not the assumption was made.
I am flying to China next week. I want to be sure to avoid website blocking due to internet censorship policies. So, I better ask our IT team to install a satellite-based modem on my laptop.
Proposed Assumption: By getting a satellite-based modem, I decrease the chances of experiencing website blocking.
Correct!
Wrong
The correct answer is: Assumption Made
The second sentence presents a possible problem I might encounter in China. The third sentence presents a technical solution. Under reasonable doubt, one can conclude that the third sentence offers a solution to the possible problem.
Without the above assumption, we wouldn't be able to connect the second and third sentences.
⭐️ Golden Tip: For each statement:
The Negative Test algorithm is an extremely effective method for uncovering underlying assumptions. It’s demonstrated in the explanation in Question 1 above. Practise it until you master it!
Discover more tips in our Watson Glaser Recognition of Assumptions guide.
Get our Watson Glaser PrepPack for more.
The next section is Deduction. Assume all information provided is true.
For each conclusion:
Your task is to determine whether the conclusion absolutely and necessarily follows the premise.
What does it assess? The ability to assess whether conclusions are logically derived from the provided information.
In the Deduction section, you'll be presented with a premise and a suggested conclusion.
Your task is to determine whether the conclusion ABSOLUTELY AND NECESSARILY follows the premise.
Read the text below and select the correct answer:
Some citizens pay taxes. Many citizens receive income support.
Statement: More citizens receive income support than those who pay taxes.
Would you rate this as:
The correct answer is "Conclusion Does Not Follow".
Let's solve this question with the safest possible method for solving deduction questions: Letter Coding.
Some refers to a portion, a quantity between 1 to everything, while many refers to multiplicity, at least 2 and up to everything.
However, you have no grounds to infer an accurate quantity of either statement. Therefore, the conclusion does not necessarily follow.
This one is tricky. Although there is a hierarchy between words that indicate a quantity, and “many” is more than “some”, that is only true when discussing the same group.
For example, if the conclusion was “there are some citizens who receive income support”, it would follow, because you can infer “some” from “many”. However, you cannot compare the quantities of two different groups this way.
Only technological companies are listed on the OTX stock market. No technological company remains unstable for a long period of time.
Proposed Conclusion: If your company is listed on OTX, it will not be unstable for a long time.
Correct!
Wrong
The correct answer is: Conclusion Follows
We'll solve these questions intuitively, but it's strongly advised to use other, safer methods in the actual Watson Glaser test (such as Venn diagrams or Letter Coding).
We know two facts:
Combining these two facts, it's easy to see that all companies on the OTX will not be unstable for a long period of time.
No millionaire who lives in a city has less than two cars. Nonetheless, some but not all the inhabitants of Ergfort city have two cars or more.
Proposed Conclusion: A place where none of the inhabitants has two cars or more has no millionaires.
Wrong
Correct!
The correct answer is: Conclusion Does Not Follow
Let's analyse:
B is a subgroup of D (a city is a kind of place), but rules that apply to B do not necessarily apply to D. This is a generalisation.
At first, it may be tempting to think that if no one in D has two cars or more, then there are no millionaires there. However, the first premise only discussed millionaires in cities. You know nothing about millionaires in general. Therefore, the conclusion does not follow.
There are 20 employees in our office; each drinks between 0 to 4 cups of coffee a day. This costs the company $100 per week (5 working days).
Proposed Conclusion: Some employees drink 15 cups of coffee a week.
Wrong
Correct!
The correct answer is: Conclusion Does Not Follow
According to the premises, (20 employees)*.
When a range is given as data, both limits must appear at least once (both must exist).
So: 0 ≤ coffee cups ≤ 4; (employee + 0 cups)*; (employee + 4 cups)*.
The conclusion states ~*(5 cups a day)
The conclusion would follow if you knew every possibility in the range exists (that is, that at least one employee drinks 0 cups a day, at least one employee drinks 1 cup a day, and at least one employee drinks 2 cups a day, etc.), in which case the employees who drink 3 cups of coffee a day would drink 15 cups a week. But you don’t know that. All you know is that the limits of the range exist.
Therefore, the conclusion does not follow.
⭐️ Golden Tip: When evaluating conclusions:
The NOT Triangle (Negative, Transpose, Only) is one of the most useful methods in the Deduction section, allowing you to rephrase premises to suit the needs of a specific question.
Here’s the gist of it: You may convert a premise without changing its meaning by using TWO elements of the NOT Triangle.
For instance:
All carrots are orange.
This will help you answer these questions accurately.
Get our Watson Glaser PrepPack for more.
In the Interpretation section, you'll be presented with a premise followed by a suggested conclusion.
Your task is to determine whether the conclusion follows the premise beyond a reasonable doubt.
The structure of this section is pretty much the same as the Deduction section. However, the rules differ between the two sections. The Deduction section mainly relies on formal logic, while the Interpretation section is less structured, making it deceptively more challenging.
What does it assess? The ability to evaluate whether conclusions drawn from data (usually presented in a paragraph) are logically supported beyond a reasonable doubt, as opposed to data in one-to-few statements.
Here, you'll be presented with a premise followed by a suggested conclusion.
Your task is to determine if the conclusion logically follows the premise beyond a reasonable doubt.
Read the text below and select the correct answer:
In the years 2011 - 2012, 32% of pupils entitled to free school meals (an indicator of low socio-economic status) achieved five GCSE passes at grade C or above. This is compared to 65% of pupils who were not entitled to free school meals.
Statement: Most of the pupils who were not entitled to a free school meal achieved five GCSE passes at grade C or above.
Would you rate this as:
The correct answer is "Conclusion Follows".
The logic behind this answer is mathematical.
The passage states that 65% of the pupils who were not entitled to a free school meal achieved five GCSE passes at a minimum of a C grade. Since 65% is greater than 50%, we can conclude that they are the majority.
I have a nine-month-old baby at home, and she usually agrees to be put to bed, where she falls asleep promptly. But every time her grandparents visit in the evening, she cries when I put her to bed, and she continues to cry for an hour.
Proposed Conclusion: My baby’s difficulty is mostly physiological. Her grandparents give her chocolates to eat, and the sugar makes her hyperactive.
Wrong
Correct!
The correct answer is: Conclusion Does Not Follow
The conclusion proposes a reason that is neither given explicitly in the text nor probable beyond a reasonable doubt. It provides an explanation that stems from our own personal perceptions.
Ten years ago, not a single Australian city was in the top 50 most expensive cities in the world. Today, three are in the top 15. You can feel it just by looking at the small stuff. A single lime, for example, costs $1.50, 300% more than it cost ten years ago.
Proposed Conclusion: A single lime in Australia cost $0.50 ten years ago.
Wrong
Correct!
The correct answer is: Conclusion Does Not Follow
The logic behind this answer is mathematical.
A 300% increase is, in fact, equal to an increase by a factor of four. If a lime costs $1.50 today, which is an increase of 300% in price compared to ten years ago, then ten years ago, it was worth $0.375.
Previous price X 4 = 1.5, so 1.5 ÷ 4 = previous price = 0.375.
When something increases by 100%, it's actually multiplied by 2, so you need to divide the current cost by 4 and not 3. When something increases by 200%, it's multiplied by 3. So, when something increases by 300%, it's multiplied by 4.
Studies conducted over the last 60 years show that adult obesity and the direct medical cost thereof have increased steadily worldwide. The last decade has had the highest rates of both these trends.
Proposed Conclusion: Humankind, as a whole, has not advanced much in the ability to maintain optimal body weight.
Wrong
Correct!
The correct answer is: Conclusion Does Not Follow
Even though obesity rates have increased worldwide, we cannot conclude anything regarding advancement. Advancements usually refer to fields of technology and medicine. It's possible that there have been advancements in those fields, but obesity has increased because of poor nutrition and a decrease in active lifestyles. Therefore, the conclusion does not follow.
⭐️ Golden Tip: When evaluating conclusions:
Beware of these 4 main fallacies:
These are the most common pitfalls to avoid in the Interpretation section.
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The last section is Evaluation of Arguments. You'll be provided with a yes/no question, followed by an argument. This tests your ability to distinguish between strong and weak arguments.
For an argument to be strong, it must be:
An argument is weak if it:
What does it assess? The ability to assess the validity and strength of arguments in relation to a specific question or issue.
In the Arguments section, you'll be presented with a yes/no question, followed by an argument.
Your task is to determine whether the argument is strong or weak in answering the question.
Read the text below and select the correct answer:
Should parents put their children in preparation courses for gifted tests, in order for them to reach their full potential?
Statement: Yes. Parents are responsible for their children’s future and should do whatever they can to help them succeed in life.
Would you rate this as:
The correct answer is "Weak Argument".
This argument, although of great general importance, is not directly related to the question. The question specifically asked about preparation courses for gifted tests, and the arguments do not even mention them.
If, for example, the argument made the connection between preparation courses and job success itself, the argument would have been strong. Since it does not, it is weak.
Should a company grant employees free time to spend in any manner they choose?
Proposed Argument: No, employees are likely to use their free time to clean their homes, run errands, and meet with friends, and thus bring no benefit to the company whatsoever.
Correct!
Wrong
The correct answer is: Strong Argument
This argument is both relevant to the topic and important.
Note that the trivial details provided ("... clean their homes, run errands, and meet with friends ...") are a distractor intended to make the issue seem trivial. However, they do not change the relevance or importance of the given argument.
When grading tests, should teachers consider that some of their students have native-born parents and other students have immigrant parents?
Proposed Argument: No. Although some teachers may be sympathetic to students from immigrant families with financial difficulties, their grading should reflect the students’ work and abilities, regardless of ethnic or financial background.
Correct!
Wrong
The correct answer is: Strong Argument
Whether you agree with this argument or not, you must consider it true. As such, it is strong.
It both relates to the question directly and raises an important claim that grades should reflect someone’s merits and not take into account factors such as ethnicity or socio-economic background.
Should the government use software solutions designed to track online behaviours on social networks in order to prevent threats to national security?
Proposed Argument: Yes, national security is of high enough importance to justify the violation of civil liberties and freedom of thought.
Correct!
Wrong
The correct answer is: Strong Argument
Here you have a reference to the ethical problems involved in data mining in which the ethical aspect is presented in relation to the main question - preventing national security threats. In other words, this argument is related to the question, and the consequence it describes is important. For this reason, it is a strong argument.
⭐️ Golden Tip: The Arguments Evaluation section tests your decision-making about importance and relevance:
The most common mistake in the Arguments section is letting one's own views and opinions affect one's judgement. Remember to ignore your own views. Additionally, it's important to remember that an argument is weak if it's not directly relevant to the question, if it's of little significance, or if it only addresses minor details.
It's also essential to "remove the fluff" - only then will you be able to see an argument for what it actually states.
Let’s take the example from above:
Will turn to:
It's now easier to see that this argument is both relevant to the topic and touches on the main issue, which was somewhat clouded with all the “fluff” about the ways employees can spend their free time.
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From your very first session, the PrepPack adapts to your level and tracks your progress toward test day:
The result is a study plan that gets sharper every time you practise.
The Watson Glaser test is challenging because it focuses on subtle reasoning rather than factual knowledge, requiring careful reading and logical analysis. A Watson Glaser practice test helps you get used to distinguishing between similar answer choices, avoiding common traps, and applying consistent reasoning under timed conditions.
The single most effective thing you can do is work through practice questions with full explanations, not just answers.
Each of the five sections has its own internal logic. For example, Deduction rewards strict certainty, while Inference rewards probabilistic judgement, and getting the two confused is the most common mistake candidates make.
The fastest way to learn which is which is by studying worked reasoning like the Letter Coding and Negative Test methods used throughout this page, rather than just checking whether you got a question right. From there, move to full-length, timed simulations to build the speed and pressure-handling the real test demands.
Our PrepPack is built around exactly that progression - diagnostic, adaptive practice, then full simulation.
A Watson Glaser practice test is an important part of preparation because it familiarises you with the question types and reasoning required. However, effective preparation also involves reviewing explanations, understanding common pitfalls, and practising each section to strengthen your overall critical thinking ability.
Your Watson Glaser test score is calculated based on your performance in various test sections, each assessing different aspects of critical thinking.
Scores are often compared against a norm group of previous test takers to gauge your relative performance, and it is known that the larger the number of applicants, the higher the score requirements become.
Most competitive employers look for a score in the 80th percentile or above, around 33 - 34 correct answers out of 40. This benchmark can shift depending on the specific role, the volume of applicants, and which version of the test you take.
Our PrepPack explains how to interpret your results in each section and how they might impact your chances in the selection process for competitive training contracts.
The Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Test is generally known as one of the more difficult assessment tests provided for candidates. To rank in the top 80% for the most desirable positions, like managers and lawyers, it's recommended to get a Watson Glaser exam score of at least 33 - 34. Head to our Watson Glaser test guide page to learn more about the test structure, scoring, and more.
The Watson Glaser test is used by a number of leading UK law firms as part of their recruitment process, including Allen & Overy, Clifford Chance, CMS, Dentons, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, Herbert Smith, Hogan Lovells, Linklaters, Norton Rose Fulbright, and Slaughter & May.
The Watson Glaser test takes 30 minutes to complete. In that time, candidates must answer 40 multiple-choice questions across five sections: Inferences, Assumptions, Deduction, Interpretation, and Evaluation of Arguments.
Founded in 1992 by David Meshulam, JobTestPrep has over thirty years of experience helping candidates navigate competitive recruitment processes, including thousands preparing for the Watson Glaser test. We have over 220 preparation courses, expert-developed and regularly updated to reflect the latest test formats, and have supported over one million candidates worldwide with their job test prep. We also offer advanced AI-driven technologies, including our CV Analyser and Interview Prep platform. Together, these resources help candidates across the UK and beyond strengthen their applications, improve their performance, and achieve outstanding results.
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